Lithium batteries are widely used in a range of devices, from smartphones and laptops to power tools and electric vehicles. Due to their high energy density and long-lasting performance, lithium-ion and lithium-polymer batteries are essential to modern technology. However, improper storage of lithium batteries can significantly reduce their lifespan and even pose safety risks. This article will guide you through the best practices for how to jumpstart a dead lithium-ion battery.

Why Proper Storage of Lithium Batteries is Important

Storing lithium batteries properly is crucial for a few key reasons:

1. Maximizing Battery Life: Proper storage can extend the lifespan of lithium batteries. Storing them incorrectly can cause the battery to degrade faster or lose its charge capacity over time.
2. Safety: Lithium batteries are sensitive to extreme conditions. Improper storage can lead to safety hazards, including overheating, leakage, or, in rare cases, thermal runaway (a dangerous, uncontrollable reaction leading to fire or explosion).
3. Maintaining Performance: Storing lithium batteries in the right conditions helps preserve their ability to hold a charge and deliver maximum performance when used.

Best Practices for Storing Lithium Batteries

1. Charge to 40-60% for Long-Term Storage

Lithium batteries should never be stored at full charge or fully discharged. For long-term storage (several weeks or more), it’s ideal to store them at a partial charge of about 40% to 60%. This charge level helps maintain the battery’s health and prevents both over-discharge and overcharge, which can reduce the battery's overall capacity.

• Full Charge: Storing a lithium battery at 100% can stress the battery, causing it to age more rapidly.
• Complete Discharge: Storing a lithium battery at 0% charge can cause the battery to enter a deep discharge state, which might make it incapable of holding a charge in the future.

For most lithium-ion batteries, a charge of around 50% is optimal. However, some devices (such as power tools or electric bikes) may have different storage recommendations, so it’s important to check the manufacturer’s guidelines.

2. Store in a Cool, Dry Place

Temperature plays a significant role in battery health. Lithium batteries should be stored in a cool, dry environment away from direct sunlight, heat sources, or humidity. Extreme temperatures can damage the battery, cause it to degrade, and shorten its lifespan.

• Ideal Temperature Range: The ideal temperature range for storing lithium batteries is 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F).
• Avoid Freezing or Extreme Heat: Do not store lithium batteries in environments where temperatures fall below 0°C (32°F) or exceed 40°C (104°F), as extreme cold or heat can damage the internal components of the battery.

If you live in a particularly hot or cold climate, consider storing the battery indoors in a temperature-controlled space, such as a climate-controlled room or storage unit.

3. Avoid High Humidity

Humidity can cause corrosion and other damage to the internal components of the battery. For this reason, you should store lithium batteries in a dry environment. Avoid placing them in areas like basements or garages where moisture levels are high, as prolonged exposure to humidity can affect the battery’s performance and safety.

4. Store Batteries in Their Original Packaging (If Possible)

If you plan to store spare lithium batteries for an extended period, keeping them in their original packaging can help protect them from physical damage, dust, or moisture. The packaging is often designed to safeguard the battery during storage or transport, minimizing the risk of accidental short-circuiting or other issues.

If you no longer have the original packaging, place the batteries in a plastic storage container or a pouch designed for battery storage to prevent them from touching metal objects or other batteries that could lead to short-circuiting.

5. Avoid Storing in a Fully Charged State During Short-Term Storage

If you’re only storing your lithium battery for a short period (a few days or weeks), it’s fine to store it fully charged. However, for the best long-term care, avoid leaving the battery at 100% charge for extended periods. If you expect to store it for longer than a month, consider discharging it to around 50%.

6. Remove Batteries from Devices When Not in Use for Long Periods

If you don’t plan on using a device (such as a laptop, remote control, or power tool) for a while, it’s a good idea to remove the lithium battery from the device. This prevents any residual current from draining the battery or causing it to discharge too low.

For electric vehicles or battery-powered equipment, if possible, follow the manufacturer’s recommendation for long-term storage, which may include removing the battery.

7. Keep Batteries Away from Metal Objects

When storing lithium batteries, avoid placing them near metal objects, such as coins, keys, or other batteries. Metal objects can cause short circuits if they come into contact with the battery’s terminals. It’s also a good idea to cover the battery terminals with electrical tape to further reduce the risk of accidental short-circuiting.

8. Check Battery Condition Regularly

Before and after long-term storage, it’s a good idea to check the condition of your lithium batteries. Look for any signs of damage, bulging, leakage, or corrosion. If you find any issues, discard the battery safely, as damaged lithium batteries can be a fire hazard.

Additionally, every few months, check the battery’s charge level and recharge it to around 50% if necessary. This helps maintain the battery’s health and ensures it’s ready for use when needed.

9. Avoid Storing Batteries in Extremely Flammable or Hazardous Environments

Never store lithium batteries in environments where flammable materials, chemicals, or excessive heat sources are present. Lithium batteries are sensitive to heat and chemical reactions that could lead to overheating, fire, or even an explosion.

How to Safely Dispose of Old or Damaged Lithium Batteries

Lithium batteries should not be thrown in the regular trash. If you’re disposing of old or damaged batteries, it’s important to do so safely:

• Recycling: Many electronics retailers and recycling centers accept used lithium batteries for recycling. Check for local battery recycling programs.
• Avoid Incineration: Do not incinerate lithium batteries, as this could cause them to catch fire or explode.
• Use Specialized Disposal Services: If you have a large quantity of old batteries, you may want to contact a specialized disposal service for guidance.

Conclusion

Storing lithium batteries properly is essential to prolonging their lifespan, ensuring their safety, and maintaining their performance. By following the guidelines outlined above—charging to 40-60%, storing in a cool, dry place, and avoiding extreme temperatures—you can help your batteries remain in good condition. Proper storage will not only save you money by extending the life of your batteries but also keep your devices functioning reliably when you need them.